




























































































































































































































































































































































































































STORY PICTURES OF FARM FOODS 









STORY PICTURES OF 
FARM FOODS 


B.y 

JOHN Y. BEATY 

Author oj 

Stori/ Pictures oj Farm Animals 
and 

Story PLclures oj Farm Work 



Photographs by J. C. Allen and Others 


BECKLEY-CARDY COMPANY 

CHICAGO 


I 



COPYRIGHT, 1935 
BY BECKLEY-CARDY COMPANY 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

For permission to use the following photographs, 
grateful acknowledgment is made to The Cali- 
f ornia Fruit Growers Exchange, pages 13 and 
37; The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, 
pages 19 and 32; Philip D. Gendreau, N. Y., 


page 6. 


• r\ 

>IJ ■ 



89625 


PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 




Contents 


A Visit with Uncle John. 7 

Fruits.15 

Milk.55 

Sweets.77 

Vegetables.89 

Eggs.151 

Nuts.155 

Grain.165 

Meats.181 

One Hundred Eight Foods Which Come from 
Farms.187 


5 















■ -'ll 



» 


6 












A Visit with Uncle John 

Charles and Betty Ann lived in a big 
city. They came to visit their Uncle 
John who lived on a farm. 

The children had not been on a farm 
before. They saw many new things. 

"We had such a good time today,” said 
Charles one evening. 

"Yes, and we had such good things to 
eat, too,” said Betty Ann. 

"I am glad of that,” said Uncle John, 
"but do you know where all of those good 
things came from?” 

"I know,” said Charles. "They came 
from the store.” 

"But where did the storekeeper get 
them?” asked Uncle John. 

"Let me think,” said Betty Ann. "I 
know! Some of them grew right here 
on your farm!” 


7 


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8 









"If we go back to the beginning, all 
of them came from the farm,” said Uncle 
John. 

Then he said, "Let us play a game. 
Write on a piece of paper the names 
of the things you have eaten today. We 
will start with the breakfast.” 

Charles and Betty Ann found some 
paper. Betty Ann wrote, "Oranges, 
toast, butter, eggs, bacon, milk.” 

"That makes six things we had for 
breakfast,” said Charles. 

"That is right,” said Uncle John. "Now 
write the names of the foods we had for 
lunch.” 

"Vegetable soup,” they wrote. 

"Vegetable soup is made of many kinds 
of vegetables,” said Betty Ann. "It is 
made by boiling vegetables and meat in 
water.” 


9 


"What vegetables were used in the 
soup?” asked Uncle John. 

"Carrots, onions, and potatoes,” said 
Charles. 

"Yes, and there were peppers, celery, 
cauliflower, and tomatoes, too,” said 
Uncle John. 

"What does cauliflower look like when 
it comes from the garden?” asked Charles. 

Uncle John brought a cauliflower from 
the kitchen. Betty Ann sat on his knee, 
and Charles stood beside the chair. 

Uncle John told them that the white 
part would have grown into seeds if it 
had not been picked. 

"When cauliflower is growing, the 
white part is covered with long leaves. 
Aunt Anna cut the leaves away when 
she picked it,” said Uncle John. "We do 
not eat cauliflower leaves.” 


10 



11 











"Now write the names of the things 
we had for dinner,” said Uncle John. 

This was not so easy, but with Uncle 
John’s help, the children put the names 
on the paper. 

Here are the names of the foods: beef, 
potatoes, peas, tomatoes, celery, olives, 
pickles, chili sauce, bread, butter, cottage 
cheese, lettuce, oranges, dates, nuts, 
raisins, milk, cream, and apple pie. 

"What is apple pie made of, Charles?” 
asked Betty Ann. 

"Apples, of course,” said Charles. 

"That isn’t all,” said Betty Ann. 
"There is flour, butter, and salt.” 

Betty Ann had helped her mother make 
apple pie, and so she knew that flour 
and salt and butter were used in making 
the crust. 

Charles did not think of the crust. 


12 



There were six kinds of food in the 
salad: lettuce, oranges, cheese, dates, 
raisins, and nuts. 

The chili sauce was made of five kinds 
of foods: tomatoes, onions, peppers, sugar, 
and vinegar. 

The children found there had been 
twenty-one kinds of food for dinner. 

13 




The Pictures in This Booh 


§ know how the foods 
look as they grow on 
the farm. Betty Ann 
and Charles wished to 
know, so Uncle John 

The pictures in this book are the ones 
that Uncle John and the children looked 
at as he told them about different kinds 
of food. 

Uncle John tells you the stories here 
that he told Betty Ann 
and Charles on the 
farm. These are all 
true stories and true 
pictures of things as 
they grow in the gar¬ 
den and the field. 



14 



15 


-MU 




















Twenty-Nine Kinds of Fruit 

How many kinds of fruit did Charles 
and Betty Ann have in one day at Uncle 
John’s house? 

They had apples in the apple pie. They 
had dates in the salad. They had oranges 
for breakfast, and olives for dinner. 

Apples are fruits with cores. There 
are two other fruits with cores: the pear 
and the quince. 

Oranges are citrus fruits. There are 
four other citrus fruits. They are: lemon, 
lime, grapefruit, and tangerine. 

We call the date a "stone fruit” because 
its seed is inside a stone. There are 
seven other stone fruits: plum, prune, 
peach, apricot, persimmon, cherry, and 
olive. 

There is one fruit that is mostly seeds. 
It is called fig. 


16 



Figs grow on large trees. They have 
a thin skin. Boys and girls like figs 
because they are sweet. 

Then there are six berries that grow 
on bushes: blackberry, raspberry, currant, 
blueberry, gooseberry, and loganberry. 

The mulberry grows on a tree. 

Grapes grow on vines. 

Strawberries and cranberries grow on 
low plants. 


17 


How Fruits Grow 

Before you see a fruit on the tree, 
you see a flower. When the flower dies, 
a fruit begins to grow in its place. 

The flowers of some fruits are white, 
some are pink, and some are green. 

Most kinds of fruit are green when 
small. When they are ready to be eaten, 
many of them are of another color. 

Why We Like Fruit 

Do you know why we all like fruit so 
well? Many fruits are sweet, and we 
like sweet things. Most fruits are full 
of juice, and we like juice. 

All fruits grow in the sunshine. We 
like sunshine. When we eat fruit, it is 
almost like eating sunshine. 

We should eat much fruit for it helps 
make us grow big and strong. 

18 



Dates 

Dates grow on a tree called the date 
palm. You see the fruits hanging from 
the tree in large bunches. The fruits are 
brown and sweet. We eat them raw. 

We also eat dates in cakes, in puddings, 
and in candy. 

Inside the date is a long stone. Inside 
this stone is the seed. 


19 



20 













Apples 

These apples are hanging on the branch 
of a tree where they grew. They are red 
apples. They are ready for someone to 
eat. How many could you eat? One 
would be enough. 

The skin of an apple is hard. It is 
green before it is ready for us to eat. 
Some kinds of apples are green after they 
are ripe. Some are red. Some are yellow. 

Some apples are sweet. Children like 
to eat sweet apples. 

Some apples are sour. They are called 
cooking apples. They are used in making 
pies. The pies are not sour because sugar 
is put into them. 

Apples are sometimes cut into thin 
slices and placed in the sun to dry. Dried 
apples will keep a long time. We use 
them in winter for apple pie. 

21 


Picking Apples 

Do you know how apples are picked? 
A man must climb a ladder to reach the 
apples. He can reach only a few of them 
from the ground. 

The man has a cloth bag. As he picks 
the apples, he puts them into the bag. 

If these apples were left to drop to the 
ground, they would have spots on them. 

The soft spots would soon turn brown. 
Then the apple would not taste good, and 
we would not want to eat it. 

After the bag is filled, the man puts the 
apples into barrels, like the one you see 
in the picture. 

Then he climbs up the ladder and picks 
more apples. 

When the barrels are full, they are put 
in a room where the apples will keep 
cool and dry until they are used. 


22 



23 











Pears 

Pears grow on trees as apples do. In 
the middle of a pear are several pockets. 
Inside of each pocket is a seed. The 
pockets and the seeds together are called 
the core. 

Some pears are green when they are 
ready to eat. Some are yellow. Some 
are red and yellow. 

Some pears are good to eat raw. Some 
are cooked. Sometimes pears are put into 
jars to eat in the winter. 

Quinces 

The quince also grows on a tree. It 
looks a little like an apple, but it does 
not taste good until it is cooked. 

The quince is green or yellow, and it 
has a core. It is hard when it is ripe. 
Quinces are made into jelly. 

24 



Cherries 

You can see that cherries grow close 
together. Each cherry has a long stem. 

A cherry is about as big as a marble 
and its seed is in a smooth stone. If the 
cherries that grew on one tree were made 
into pies, there would be more pies than 
all the children in your room could eat 
in two days. 


25 



26 









Making Cherry Pies 

In this picture you see Grandma making 
cherry pies. You can see the cherries in 
a bowl on the table. The stones have 
been taken out of the cherries and there 
is sugar on them. 

Grandma has just made the pie crust. 
She puts it in pie pans and then fills the 
pans with cherries. She puts another 
crust over the top. Soon she will put the 
pies in the oven to bake. 

The little kitten seems to be interested 
in cherry pies. Cats do not like pies, but 
boys and girls do. These children can 
hardly wait until Grandma gives them 
some pie. 

Grandma will cut one pie into six pieces. 
Then there will be a piece for each child, 
one for Grandma, one for Grandpa, and 
one for you. 


27 


Picking Peaches 

Joe looks happy standing under the 
branches of a peach tree. There are so 
many peaches on each branch that the 
branches bend over. See the peaches in 
Joe’s hat. There are enough to make any 
boy smile. It is fun to pick peaches. 

Peaches are easy to pick. They grow 
on low trees. Joe picked enough peaches 
to fill his hat as he stood on the ground. 

Would you like to pick peaches? 

Peaches have a soft skin. When a 
peach is very ripe, you can push your 
finger through the skin. 

When the peach is green, it is hard and 
not good to eat. When it is yellow, it is 
good to eat. Some peaches are red and 
yellow when they are ripe. 

We like to eat ripe peaches. We like 
them also when they are cooked. 

28 



29 










The seed of the peach is inside the 
stone. The stone is hard and round. You 
could break it only with a hammer. 

Apricots 

Apricots look much like small peaches. 
There is fuzz on the skin, just like the 
fuzz on the skin of a peach. 

The seeds are in hard stones that look 
very much like the stones in peaches. 

But the apricot is an orange color when 
it is ripe and it does not taste much like 
a peach. 

If you ask your mother to make an 
apricot pie, she may make it of dried 
apricots. Many apricots are dried in the 
sun to use when we cannot get fresh ones. 

Other fruits that are dried in the sun 
are: peaches, apples, prunes, raisins, 
pears, figs, and raspberries. 

30 


Plums and Prunes 

Four other fruits have smooth stones 
like those of the cherry. These are plums, 
prunes, olives, and persimmons. 

Plums and prunes are much alike. 
They are larger than cherries, but not so 
large as peaches. 

A prune is a kind of plum that is dried 
in the sun. Prunes can be kept for several 
years. Plums are used when they are 
fresh, or are cooked and put into cans or 
glass jars. 

Persimmons 

Persimmons look a great deal like 
plums. They, too, grow on trees and have 
one or more hard seeds. 

We eat the persimmon when it is ripe 
without it being cooked. If you should 
eat a persimmon when it is green, you 
would not like it. 


31 



Olives 

Olives grow on trees. When the olive 
is picked, it is bitter. It must be kept in 
salt water for many weeks. Then it is 
good to eat. 

Here you see women putting olives into 
tin cans. These will be sent to the stores. 

Some olives are green. Black olives 
are called ripe olives. 

Each olive has a long stone inside. 

32 


Figs 

If you eat a fig, you will learn that it 
is almost all seeds. Boys and girls like 
figs. They are sweet. 

The seeds are so small and so soft that 
you will not care if there are many. 

Figs grow on trees that are about the 
same size as apple trees. 

In places where figs grow, people eat 
them just as they come from the trees. 
These fresh figs are shipped in boxes to 
big cities. 

Figs are dried and sent to many places 
where they cannot be grown. Figs will 
keep a long, long time after they have 
been dried. You can buy them in stores. 

Figs are used in cakes and pies and 
candy. 

Some children like to eat dried figs 
as they eat candy. 


33 


Citrus Fruits 

You know what oranges are. But not 
many children know that there are four 
other fruits that belong to the same family 
as oranges. They all belong to the citrus 
family. 

The names of the other citrus fruits 
are: lemon, grapefruit, lime, tangerine. 

Citrus fruits have no cores and no 
stones. But most citrus fruits have some 
seeds in them. 

The inside of a citrus fruit is made of 
many small bags filled with juice. Ask 
your mother to show you these tiny bags 
of juice in an orange. 

The skin of a citrus fruit is thicker than 
the skin of an apple. 

We sometimes eat the skin of an orange 
when it is cooked with sugar and water. 
We call this orange marmalade. 

34 



Orange Trees 

Here you see orange trees. The 
branches reach almost to the ground. 
You could stand on the ground and pick 
the oranges. Would you like to do that? 

The farmer is driving a tractor that 
pulls a disc. The disc cuts the earth. 
Then the orange trees grow better. 

35 


Oranges and Orange Blossoms 

Blossoms and oranges grow on a tree at 
the same time, as you can see in the 
picture. Most fruit trees have blossoms 
in the spring. Then, when the blossoms 
fall off, the fruit grows where the blossom 
was. 

But it is different with oranges. The 
orange blossoms come every month in 
the year. 

The orange tree is an evergreen. Its 
leaves do not die and fall to the ground in 
winter. Its fruit does not stop growing 
in the fall as do apples and pears. There 
are new fruits growing on an orange tree 
all the time. That is why orange trees 
grow only where it is warm in winter. 

At first the fruit is green. Later it 
changes to orange color. Then we know 
that the fruit is ready to eat. 

36 





37 














Other Citrus Fruits 

Ralph lives in Texas. In this picture 
you see him picking a grapefruit for his 
breakfast. This fruit is called grapefruit 
because the fruits grow close together on 
the tree just as grapes grow close together 
on the stem. 

Some of the fruits reach nearly to the 
ground. The leaves do touch the ground. 

The tangerine looks like a small orange, 
but its skin is thinner. It is easy to pull 
away the skin with your fingers. 

Lemons are yellow and sour when they 
are ripe. They are not round like oranges. 
We use the juice of lemons to make other 
foods taste better. We use it to make 
lemonade. 

A lime looks something like a lemon, 
but it is smaller. It is used like a lemon. 
But it does not taste like a lemon. 


38 



39 









Fruits That Grow on Bushes 

There are six kinds of fruits that grow 
on bushes. 

They are blackberry, raspberry, currant, 
blueberry, gooseberry, and loganberry. 

These fruits are called bush fruits. 

The thorns on the blackberry bushes 
are large and strong. The thorns on 
the raspberry and loganberry bushes are 
smaller. 

The thorns on the gooseberry bushes 
are thin. But they are very sharp and 
they grow close together. The blueberry 
and currant bushes do not have thorns. 

Do you know why some fruit and flower 
bushes have thorns? It is to keep cows 
and other animals from eating the bushes. 
The thorns hurt the mouths of the 
animals. When the animals learn that, 
they do not eat the bushes. 


40 


Gooseberries 

Gooseberries grow on bushes that are 
not often taller than a boy nine years old. 

Gooseberries are green when we eat 
them. We always cook them before 
they are ripe. They are black when they 
are ripe. 

Gooseberries are very sour. They need 
much sugar on them. 

Did you ever eat gooseberry pie? 

Currants 

Currants grow in bunches like grapes. 
Each fruit is about as big as a pea. 

Some currants are black. Some are 
red, some are yellow. And some are so 
light that they are called white. 

Currants are good to eat with sugar. 
Currants make fine jelly. They are good 
in pies. 


41 



Blackberries 

A blackberry is made up of many small 
fruits grown close together. 

Each one of the tiny fruits has a seed 
in the middle. Around the seed is juice. 

We all like to eat blackberries with 
cream and sugar. Blackberries are good 
when made into pies or jelly. They are 
put into cans for winter use. 

42 





Raspberries 

There are two kinds of raspberries, red 
and black. Red and black raspberries 
look much alike. 

This picture shows black raspberries. 
Each berry grows on a short stem. Do 
you see the thorns on the stems? The 
thorns are sharp. 

Would you like to pick these berries? 


43 


Picking Raspberries 

This little boy is picking raspberries. 
He is helping his mother. She will cook 
the berries and put them into glass jars. 

It would be better if the boy put the 
raspberries into a pail. If he dropped 
his hat, the berries would fall into the 
dirt. Then his mother would not want 
them. 

I hope the boy doesn’t drop the hat, 
don’t you? 

Red raspberries are softer than black 
ones. Raspberries are full of juice and 
would break if you held them tightly in 
your hand. 

Birds like raspberries, too. If people 
do not pick the berries from the bushes, 
the birds will eat the berries. 

The berries are not all ripe at the same 
time. They must be picked each day. 

44 












Loganberries and Blueberries 
Loganberries and blueberries are not 
used for food so much as other berries. 
There are not so many of them grown. 

In a few places farmers raise logan¬ 
berries. They look like large blackberries 
but they are not black. They are red. 

Your mother can buy cooked logan¬ 
berries in tin cans at the grocery store. 
She can buy loganberry juice, too. 

Blueberries grow on very low bushes. 
In many places you can find blueberries 
growing in the woods. We say that they 
grow wild. 

In some places farmers raise them. 
Blueberries are very small and round. 
Their color is a pretty blue. 

Blueberries are eaten raw with sugar 
and cream. They are good when made 
into pies. 


46 



Grapes 

Grapes grow in heavy bunches on vines 
which are not strong enough to stand up 
like a tree. They must have something 
to hold them above the ground. 

There are four colors of grapes: blue, 
red, white, and green. 

Some kinds of grapes are dried in the 
sun. These we call raisins. 


47 



/ 


1 







48 






















Strawberries 

Here you can see a farm girl in a field 
of strawberry plants. She has five straw¬ 
berries in one hand, and one in the other 
hand. Do you think she likes straw¬ 
berries? 

The strawberry plant does ‘not have 
strong stems. It cannot stand up like a 
bush that has stems of wood. Its stems 
lie on the ground. 

The leaves stand up and cover the 
berries. When we pick strawberries we 
must push away the leaves to find the 
fruit. 

Before strawberries are ripe, they are 
white. We must not eat them until they 
become red. 

The seeds of a strawberry grow all over 
the outside of the fruit. You can see 
them all without opening the berry. 

49 



Cranberries 

Cranberries grow on low plants. 

The cranberry has a hard skin. The 
seeds are inside, like the seeds of a grape. 

The cranberry is sour. Children do not 
like to pick the cranberries and eat them 
as they do strawberries. 

Mother puts a great deal of sugar with 
the cranberries when she makes sauce 
or jelly. 

Cranberry sauce is often eaten with 
turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 


50 


How Fruits Are Used 

Boys and girls like to eat most fruits 
before they are cooked. But there are 
three fruits that are not good to eat raw. 

Do you remember which ones these are? 
They are the quince, the cranberry, and 
the olive. 

We do not cook olives to make them 
taste good. Do you know what is done 
with them? They are placed in salt water. 

There are seven fruits that are not 
often cooked. They are the persimmon, 
date, orange, lemon, lime, tangerine, and 
the grapefruit. 

But even these are often put with other 
things that are cooked. 

The juice of citrus fruits is used to 
make other foods taste good. 

We say that these juices are used to 
flavor other foods. 


51 


When fruits are cooked, they do not 
need to be left on the stove very long. 
They are soft and full of juice. 

Most fruits are put into tin cans or 
into glass jars. Fruits that have been 
cooked and put into jars or cans will keep 
for a long time. 

We can use canned fruits in winter 
when we cannot get fresh fruits. 

Sometimes fruits are cooked with 
sugar. Your mother puts sugar into the 
pan with the fruit. After this has cooked 
a while, Mother calls it fruit jam. 

Sometimes fruits are cooked with 
spices, vinegar, and sugar. When they 
are cooked this way, we call them 
pickled fruits. 

Most of the fruits are used in pies and 
cakes. Some of them are used in other 
ways. 

52 


Sometimes Mother wraps apples in 
dough and then cooks them in a pan. 
She calls these apple dumplings. 

Fruits are used in puddings. You like 
date pudding. Other fruits can be used 
in puddings, too. 

Very often fruits are used in making 
cookies. You have had cookies with 
raisins in them. Raisins are used in 
making bread. Dried currants are put 
into cakes and buns. 

Fruits are used in making candy. 
Sometimes candy is used to cover a cherry 
or a strawberry or a piece of pineapple. 
We do not see the fruit, because it is 
covered with the candy. When we eat 
the candy, we taste the fruit. 

Raw fruit is used in making salads. 
Often fruit is used with vegetables in 
salads. 


53 


Some kinds of fruits will keep all 
winter, if they are put away in places 
that are kept cold. 

Apples are kept this way. So are 
cherries and peaches. 

We take the juice out of many kinds 
of fruits. This juice is cooked with sugar 
and made into jelly. 

Most children like grape juice. The 
juices of cherries and apples are used in 
the same way. The juice of apples is 
called cider. 

Fruit juices are also used for making 
ice cream and the frosting Mother puts 
on the top of a cake. 

There is one more way fruits are used. 
They are dried in the sun. Then they 
will keep for a long time. 

Can you name two fruits that are 
often dried? 


54 



55 






























Milk 

Milk must be kept clean or it will turn 
sour. That is why the farmer puts the 
cows in the barn before milking them. 

If he milked them outside, dust would 
get into the milk. 

Here you see a man milking a cow. 
You can see the pail under the cow. The 
man is drawing the milk into the pail. 

66 


The cow is cleaned before the mil king 
is done. Her side is brushed and washed 
so that no hair will drop into the pail. 

The man puts on a clean white suit 
and cap so that there will be no dirt to 
fall from his clothes into the milk pail. 

He washes his hands and he uses only 
clean pails for the milk. 

Some farmers use a milking machine 
to do the milking. The machine has a 
top on it to keep out the dirt. The milk 
runs into the pail through a clean rubber 
hose. 

All of the pails used for milking must 
be washed in boiling water to make them 
clean each time after they are used. 

Clean sweet milk tastes good. 

Sour milk does not taste good to 
us. But it can be used in foods that 
are cooked. 


57 





58 










Cooling the Milk 

As soon as milk comes from the cows, 
it must be cooled. If it is not cooled, it 
will soon become sour. Then it would 
not be good, and people would not want 
to buy it. 

The farmer puts the milk into big cans. 
He puts these cans into a tank of water, 
and he puts pieces of ice in with the cans. 
Sometimes fresh cold water is pumped 
into the tank. 

In the picture you can see the inside 
of a tank. 

There is a cover on this tank. The 
farmer puts the cover down to keep out 
the warm air. Then the ice does not 
melt so fast. 

The milk is taken to the city once each 
day. When your mother gets it, she 
keeps it in a cool place. 

59 


Separating the Cream 

Some farmers sell milk. Some sell 
cream. If a farmer sells cream he must 
separate it from the milk with a machine 
like the one you see in the picture. 

There is milk in the big bowl at the 
top of the machine. Inside the bowl the 
milk spins around very fast. The cream 
rises to the top, as the boy turns the 
handle of the machine. 

The girl is opening a pipe so the milk 
can run down into the separator. The 
cream runs out through one pipe and the 
milk runs through another. The cream 
is running into the pail. The milk is 
running into a big milk can standing on 
the floor. 

These children like to separate the 
cream from the milk. 

Could you turn this cream separator? 

60 









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61 

















A Creamery 

Here you see how butter is made. We 
call this a creamery, because farmers 
bring cream here to be made into butter. 

The cream is put into round churns. 
Then the churns turn over and over. 

As they turn, the small pieces of thick 
cream stick to each other. These pieces 
make the butter. So, you see, butter is 
a part of the milk. 


62 




After a time the churn is stopped. The 
butter is taken out. 

The milk that is left in the churn after 
all the butter has been taken out is 
called buttermilk. Many of us like to 
drink buttermilk. 

When the butter is taken from the 
churn, it is put into a box. In the picture, 
you can see a man pressing the butter 
tightly into the box. He uses a heavy 
block of wood on a handle. 

When the box is filled, the sides are 
taken away. Then the big square piece 
of butter is cut into smaller pieces which 
are put into paper boxes. 

The boxes of butter are sent to the 
stores where people buy it. 

One creamery makes butter for many 
families. 

Once farmers made all their butter. 


63 


How Cheese Is Made 

Cheese is a very good food. Most 
cheese is made from cow’s milk. Some 
kinds of cheese are made from goat’s 
milk. 

When butter is made, only the cream 
is used. But when cheese is made, all 
of the milk is used. 

First, the milk is made som*. Then it 
is warmed over a fire. 

The part that will be made into cheese 
gets thick. It floats on top. The thick 
part of the sour milk is called curd. 
Most of the food is in the curd. 

The thin part of the sour milk is called 
whey. 

You would not care to drink whey. It 
does not taste good. Pigs drink it, and 
farmers take the whey home to feed to 
their pigs. 


64 



In a Cheese Factory 
This is a cheese maker in a cheese 
factory. He has a scoop in his hand. 
The sour milk is in a big kettle, in which 
it has been heated. 

The cheese maker is picking up the 
curd with the scoop, and taking it out of 
the kettle. It will be pressed into big 
cakes of cheese. 


65 



Curing Cheese 

These big cakes of cheese were made 
from the curd scooped from the sour milk. 

First the cheese is pressed into round 
cakes. Then it is put on shelves, and 
kept cool for many weeks. It must be 
cured in this way before it is ready for 
us to eat. 

There are many kinds of cheese. Some 
kinds stay in this cool room much longer 
than others because they do not cure 
so soon. 


66 




What Farmers Do with Milk 

Many farmers have more milk than 
they need for their families. 

Sometimes the cream is separated 
from the milk, and only the cream is 
sold. 

The skimmed milk is then fed to the 
chickens and pigs. Milk is good for 
animals. It makes them grow fast. 

Farmers often take milk to a milk 
station. There the milk is put into 
bottles to be sent to people in the city. 
Milkmen in the city get milk from these 
stations and bring it to yoiu* house every 
day. 

Some farmers take milk to homes in 
the city themselves. They put the milk 
into bottles. They do this in a milk 
house on the farm. There the milk is 
kept cold. 


67 



68 




















How Milk Is Put into Bottles 

Before milk is taken to the homes of 
people in the city, it must be put into 
bottles. A machine is used to fill milk 
bottles. You can see it in the picture. 

The milk is first run over pipes to cool 
it. There is cold water in the pipes. The 
cold pipes make the milk cold. 

The milk is caught in the large pan. 
Then it runs out of the pan into the 
bottles below. When the bottles are full, 
the machine puts a paper cap on the top 
of each one. 

This cap keeps the milk from running 
out. It also keeps the dirt from getting 
into the milk. The bottles are then put 
into the wire baskets. 

Then the milkman comes to get these 
baskets filled with bottles. He takes the 
bottles to many homes. 

69 



70 







The Milkman 

This little boy lives in town. He is 
getting a bottle of milk from the milkman 
who brings milk every morning. 

Doesn’t the little boy look happy? His 
name is James. James will take the 
milk to his mother. I hope he doesn’t 
drop it. 

James got up early this morning. He 
likes to meet the milkman and get the 
bottle of milk. 

You see other bottles in the basket the 
milkman carries. There is cream in the 
small bottles. There is milk in the 
large ones. 

The milkman has a pound of butter in 
his basket. But James’ mother does not 
want butter this morning. 

If she wanted butter, James would tell 
the milkman. 


71 


Why We Drink Milk 

These four little girls like to play house. 
They are playing at having afternoon tea. 
But instead of tea and cake, they have 
milk and cookies. 

Milk is much better for children. 
These little girls like milk. 

Often milk is taken to the city schools 
so that the children may have milk to 
drink at recess. 

Children who live in the city need milk 
even more than children who live on a 
farm. On the farm, the children are out 
of doors more. They get more sunshine. 
But they drink milk because they like it. 

Milk is the best food for babies. It is 
a good food for children. It is a good food 
for men and women, too. 

Doctors often tell sick people to drink 
milk. It helps them to get well. 

72 



73 















Making a Cake 

Patty Lou is helping her mother make 
a cake. Mother is pouring milk into a 
cup. 

She must put just one cup of milk into 
the big bowl. There is flour in the bowl. 

There are eggs in the jar near Patty 
Lou. 

Patty Lou is turning the handle of the 
egg beater. The eggs must be beaten 
before they are put into the cake. 

Milk and eggs are used in many of the 
good things Mother bakes in the oven. 
They are used in making cookies and 
cakes. They are used in pancakes and 
in doughnuts. 

Milk is used in making mashed 
potatoes. It is sometimes used in cooking 
peas, and asparagus, and cauliflower. It 
is used with other foods, too. 


74 










% 


75 













Ice Cream 

Buddy Fisher is making a funny face. 
Mother just gave Buddy and his sister 
ice cream cones. The ice cream is very 
cold. That is why Buddy makes a funny 
face. 

In making ice cream, we use milk, 
sugar, eggs, cream, and often fruit juice, 
too. All of these foods come from farms. 


76 



77 








! 



Sorghum Cane 
This is a field of sorghum cane. 
Sorghum cane is used for making 
sorghum molasses. 

The stems of the plant are full of juice. 
The molasses is made from the juice. 

These stalks look almost like corn. 
But they are not so big around as corn. 

78 



Making Sorghum Molasses 
The pony is pulling a long pole fastened 
to rollers. A woman is pushing stalks of 
sorghum cane between the rollers. 

The juice from the cane is boiled in a 
pan under the shed until it is molasses. 

We like sorghum molasses on bread 
and pancakes. Did you ever taste it? 

Molasses is sweet like sirup, but it is 
much thicker. 


79 


How Sugar Is Made 

We get sugar from a plant called 
sugar cane. There is a picture of sugar 
cane on the next page. 

The stalks are filled with juice. The 
juice is squeezed out between heavy 
rollers, just as the juice is squeezed from 
sorghum cane. 

When the juice of the sugar cane is 
boiled, molasses is made. When this 
molasses is slowly heated, it turns into 
sugar. 

First, it is brown sugar. Then white 
sugar is made from the brown sugar. 
This is done in a large mill where there 
are many big machines. 

Some of the sugar is pressed into lumps. 
Some of it is ground into powdered sugar. 

Sugar is put into barrels, cloth bags, or 
paper boxes. Then it is sold in the stores. 


80 













Sugar Beets 

Sugar is also made from sugar beets. 
Here you see a field of sugar beets. The 
men are digging the beets. 

The machine you see is a plow that 
digs the sugar beets out of the ground. 
The men cut off the leaves before the 
beets are taken to the sugar mill. 


82 


Farmers plant the sugar beets in large 
fields. The seeds are planted in rows. 

The seeds are very rough. They are 
as rough as a popcorn ball, but they are 
not so large. They are about as big as 
a pea. 

When the little beet plants begin to 
grow, you can see the thick leaves above 
the ground. You do not see the beets 
because they are under the ground. The 
beets are full of juice. 

The juice is taken out of the beets in 
a sugar mill. Then it is boiled. After a 
while only the sugar is left in the pan. 

Sugar made from beets tastes almost 
like sugar made from cane. There is a 
difference, though. 

Sugar cane is grown only where it is 
warm most of the time. Sugar beets will 
grow where it is cold in winter. 

83 



Gathering Maple Sap 

Maple sirup and maple sugar are made 
from the sap that comes from maple trees 
in the spring. 

The man made a hole in each tree so 
the sap would run out. He has come to 
get the sap that has run into the buckets. 
He will take it away to be made into 
maple sirup and maple sugar. 


84 






Maple Sirup and Sugar 

This big tank is in a shed near the 
maple trees. The maple sap has been 
poured into the tank. It is being boiled, 
to make maple sirup. 

Edith is stirring the sap to keep it 
from burning. Soon it will be maple 
sirup. 

If it is boiled longer, it will be maple 
sugar. The sugar will be made into 
cakes. These will be sent to the city. 

We like to eat maple sugar. We like 
maple sirup on pancakes. 

85 




Honey Bees 

This small branch from an apple tree 
is covered with blossoms. 

The picture was made in the spring 
when the honey bees were gathering 
honey from the apple trees. 

You can see two bees. Each one is 
drawing juice from an apple blossom. 

While the juice is being carried to the 
beehive, it is made into honey inside the 
bee’s body. 

The bees will put the honey into a 
honeycomb in the beehive. 


86 



Honey 

A honeycomb is made of many small 
pockets. The bees put the honey into 
these pockets. 

Then the bees cover the ends of the 
pockets with wax so that the honey 
cannot run out. 

It took many bees several days to fill 
this honeycomb with honey. 

87 


The beehive is the box in which the 
bees live. The bees make honey for the 
farmer’s family and put it in the comb 
inside the beehive. 

Some farmers have many hives. The 
bees make so much honey that these 
farmers sell some of it to city people. 

Sometimes the honey is sent to the 
city in the honeycombs just as they come 
from the hives. At other times the honey 
is taken from the honeycombs and put 
into glass jars or pails. Then we call it 
strained honey. 

Sometimes farmers find bees in a tree 
in the woods and take them home. 

Honey and sugar are used in making 
candy. When you eat candy, think of the 
farm. That is where the sweet part of 
the candy came from. 

The sweets are sugar, sirup, and honey. 



89 























Thirty-Six Vegetables 

There are thirty-six of the food plants 
grown on farms that we call vegetables. 
We eat eight different parts of these food 
plants. 

There are eight kinds of vegetables of 
which we eat the fruit. These are 
tomato, pumpkin, squash, cucumber, 
eggplant, watermelon, muskmelon, and 
honeydew melon. 

There are five kinds of which we eat 
the leaves. These are spinach, lettuce, 
cabbage, artichoke, and Brussels sprouts. 

There are three vegetables whose stems 
are the parts we eat. These are celery, 
rhubarb, and asparagus. 

There are five vegetables of which we 
eat the seeds. These are peas, beans, 
sweet corn, popcorn, and lentils. 

Have you had all of these to eat? 


90 


There are four vegetables of which we 
eat the seed pods or seed heads. Their 
names are okra, string bean, cauliflower 
and pepper. 

When you look at okra, string beans, 
or peppers, you might think that they 
are fruits like cucumbers or tomatoes. 

But when you break open the pods, you 
see that there is nothing inside but 
seeds. We eat the shell and the seeds. 

The six vegetables with large roots are: 
carrot, radish, parsnip, beet, turnip, and 
rutabaga. 

There are three vegetables with bulbs 
which we eat. These are onion, leek, 
and garlic. 

And there are two vegetables which 
are called tubers. These are white 
potato, and sweet potato. 

You will learn more about these. 


91 



Tomatoes 

Some tomatoes grow close together on 
one branch. These four tomatoes are 
growing on one branch. 

A tomato plant is not as strong as a 
blackberry bush, and tomatoes are much 
heavier than blackberries. When many 
large tomatoes hang on a tomato plant, 
the branches bend over. 


92 


Tomatoes have smooth skins. The skin 
is as thin as paper. Inside there is a 
meat that tastes good. The small soft 
seeds grow in this meat. 

The blossoms are small yellow flowers. 
When they fall off, tiny tomatoes begin 
to grow where the flowers were. 

At first they are green. As they grow 
larger, they turn red or yellow. Then 
they are ripe. 

The tomatoes in the picture are nearly 
ripe. When they are ripe, the farmer 
will pick them. 

Tomatoes are good to eat raw. We 
eat them raw with salt or sugar. When 
tomatoes are cooked, they are good, too. 

Farmers cook tomatoes and put them 
in glass jars for winter. In the city 
stores, people buy them in tin cans. 

The juice is bought in cans, too. 

93 


“Tomatoes for Sale!” 

Nancy and Jane Brown live on a farm. 
They are playing store. They have 
tomatoes for sale. The tomatoes grew in 
daddy’s field. 

Nancy took a box from the cellar to 
the road. She put a paper on top of the 
box, and put tomatoes on the paper. 

Daddy wrote the price on the box. 
When people drive by, they see that 
Nancy asks five cents for a pound of 
tomatoes and ten cents for three pounds. 

Do you see the scale standing on the 
ground? The girls weigh tomatoes on it. 

A pan is on the scale. Jane is putting 
tomatoes into the pan to weigh them. 

There must be more than three pounds 
of tomatoes in the pan. Do you think 
Jane knows how many pounds are in the 
pan? No. She is too little to know. 


94 



95 








Pumpkins 

This picture of pumpkins in the field 
was made before they were picked. 

Some of these pumpkins will be used 
to make pumpkin pies. Many more will 
be fed to cows and pigs. 

Animals eat pumpkins before they are 
cooked, but we eat them only after they 
are cooked. 

Pumpkins have a hard, thick skin. 
Inside of this strong skin is the yellow 
meat. 

Inside of the meat is the place where 
the seeds grow on stems that look like 
strings. 

When the pumpkin vine is young it 
covers the growing pumpkins. But when 
the fruit ripens, the plant dies, and the 
leaves fall to the ground. 

You do not see many leaves now. 

96 


r 



97 













How Pumpkins Are Cooked 

Helen is helping her mother by cutting 
a pumpkin into pieces. 

Helen is putting these pieces into a 
pan. She will put water into the pan, 
and then put it on the stove. 

After the pumpkin has cooked enough, 
Helen will take it from the stove and 
mash it with a potato masher. 

Then the pumpkin will look very much 
like mashed potatoes. But it is yellow 
instead of white. 

Cream and sugar and eggs are mixed 
with the mashed pumpkin to make 
pumpkin pies. 

People in the cities buy pumpkin in 
tin cans to make pumpkin pies. 

The pumpkin is put into the tin cans 
in factories. Farmers take big truck loads 
of pumpkins to these factories to sell. 


98 




> 



» 










Muskmelons 

Muskmelon vines are not as strong as 
grapevines. There is a hole through the 
middle of the muskmelon vine. These 
vines live only one summer. 

Muskmelons grow best in a sandy 
place. It takes many weeks for the vines 
to grow. 


100 



When a muskmelon has grown as large 
as it is to grow, the meat inside begins 
to get soft. Then it is ripe. 

The skin of a muskmelon is strong and 
thick. The meat inside is tender and 
full of juice. 

In the middle of a muskmelon, there 
are a great many seeds. They are held 
together with many thin stems that look 
like strings. 

When we eat a muskmelon, we cut it 
open. We take out these thin stems and 
the seeds, and throw them away. We eat 
only the juicy meat. 

Sometimes farmers send the melons to 
stores in town. People buy the melons 
there. 

We have muskmelons in late summer 
and in the fall. It takes them a long 
time to grow. 


101 



The Honeydew Melon 
The honeydew melon looks much like 
a muskmelon, but it has a smooth skin. 
The skin of the muskmelon is rough. 

A piece of the melon has been cut out. 
You can see the seeds inside. We do 
not eat the seeds. 

Some farmers send whole trainloads of 
melons to the cities. 


102 



Watermelons 

The watermelons on this vine are long. 
Not all watermelons are long. Some of 
them are almost round. 

Watermelons have a thick, hard skin. 

The white part near the skin does not 
taste good raw. But it is good when 
cooked and made into watermelon pickles. 

Inside of this white part there is a red 
part that we like to eat. 

You can see that the watermelons lie 
on the ground as they grow. 

103 


Squash 

The meat of the squash looks very much 
like that of the pumpkin. But the two 
vegetables do not taste quite the same. 

We eat squash only when it is cooked. 
Sometimes Mother cuts a squash into 
several large pieces. Then she bakes 
them in the oven. 

Sometimes she cuts the meat of the 
squash into small pieces. These she 
cooks in water. She mashes this squash 
as she does potatoes. Boys and girls like 
it very much. 

Some kinds of squash can be kept nearly 
all winter. We call these winter squash. 

Sometimes squash is put into cans. 
People buy the canned squash in the stores. 

Farmers who live near cities raise 
squash with other vegetables to sell to 
people in town. 


104 


Summer Squash 

Here is a squash that will not keep in 
winter. It is a summer squash. It does 
not taste at all like winter squash. 

You can see the thick stems of the vine. 
On the ends of these stems are large 
leaves. The squashes lie on the ground. 




Cucumbers 

Someone has picked cucumbers from 
these vines and put them in a pail. They 
will be made into cucumber pickles. The 
pickles will be sold in stores. 

If you want to pick cucumbers, you have 
to push the leaves away. The cucumbers 
grow under the big leaves. There are 
many leaves close together. The vines lie 
on the ground. 


106 



Inside the green skin the cucumber is 
almost white. It has a great many soft 
seeds. 

Sometimes cucumbers are picked when 
they are very small. Mother puts these 
small cucumbers in salt water or vinegar 
to make cucumber pickles. 

She puts dill with some pickles to make 
them taste different. They are called 
dill pickles. 

She puts sugar and spices with others 
to make sweet pickles. 

Mother uses the large cucumbers, too. 
She peels them, and cuts them into small 
pieces. She uses the pieces with other 
vegetables to make a salad. 

When we eat small cucumbers, we eat 
the seeds, the skin, and the meat. We 
do not eat the skin of the very large 
cucumbers, because it has a bitter taste. 

107 



Egg Plant 

Uncle John showed Betty Ann and 
Charles a purple vegetable, shaped like 
an egg. 

"This is an eggplant,” he said. 

He told Betty Ann to slice the eggplant. 
Then Aunt Anna fried it for supper. Betty 
Ann and Charles liked the taste of egg¬ 
plant. 


108 


Lettuce 

Some lettuce grows in heads, like 
cabbage. This we call head lettuce. Some 
lettuce has long leaves, and this we call 
leaf lettuce. 

We eat both kinds of lettuce as a salad. 
We call it lettuce salad. 

Mother also makes other salads with 
lettuce leaves. She puts the leaves on 
a plate with cucumbers, tomatoes, radishes, 
and other vegetables. We call this a 
vegetable salad. 

She puts fruit on lettuce leaves to make 
fruit salad. We should all eat salads. 

We need to eat lettuce because it has 
some things in it that help to keep us well. 

We need it in the summer. And we 
need it in the winter when there are not 
so many green vegetables to be had. 
Green vegetables are always good for us. 

109 


Spinach 

Spinach makes boys and girls strong. 
Doctors tell us that there is more iron 
in it than in most vegetables. Our bodies 
need iron. 

Edith Allen is picking spinach. Spinach, 
you see, is a plant that has many leaves. 
We eat only the leaves. 

Edith breaks the leaves from the plant 
and puts them in the basket. 

Her mother will wash the fresh leaves 
carefully, because often there is dust on 
them. Then she will cook the spinach 
leaves in water. 

Spinach tastes very good with salt and 
butter on it. 

Spinach is often put into cans and sold 
in the stores. Mother does not have to 
wash the spinach she buys in cans. It was 
washed before it was put into the cans. 

110 



Ill 












Artichokes 

The artichoke plant looks like a thistle 
when it has blossoms on it. The head is 
formed of short thick leaves which grow 
very close together. 

Artichokes must be cooked. We eat 
only the tender part of the leaf which 
grows next to the stem. This is very good 
when dipped in melted butter. 

112 


Cabbage 

Cabbage grows on a low plant. In the 
center of the cabbage plant, the leaves 
grow together very tightly. That makes 
what we call the head. 

Cabbage is taken from the fields while 
it is young. Then it makes good food. 
We can have cabbage all winter if the 
heads are kept cool and dry. 

We eat cabbage in salads before it is 
cooked. It is good for us to eat raw. 
We also eat cooked cabbage. 

Most cabbage has green leaves, but some 
has red leaves. That is called red cabbage. 
The red cabbage has a different taste. 

Some cabbage is cut into long thin pieces 
and put into salt water. When this is 
taken out of the salt water to be cooked, 
we call it sauerkraut. It is sold in cans 
and from barrels in the stores. 

113 


In the Cabbage Field 

George Smith has two bushel baskets 
filled with cabbage. 

George grew more cabbage than his 
mother could use. He is taking these 
two bushels of cabbageheads to a place 
near the road. 

His little sister will sell them to people 
who pass in automobiles. She will weigh 
the cabbage. The people will pay two or 
three cents for each pound. 

Before George sells the cabbage, he cuts 
off the large leaves on the outside of the 
head. These are not used for food. 

Only those leaves that are pressed 
tightly together to make the head are 
used for food. George will feed the other 
leaves to the cows. 

The cows would eat the cabbageheads, 
too, if they could get them. 


114 



9 









Brussels Sprouts 

Brussels sprouts look like tiny cabbage- 
heads. As you see in the picture, many 
of these tiny heads grow on the sides of a 
tall stalk or stem. 

There are large leaves at the top of 
the stalk. 

The little heads are cut from the stalk 
with a knife. Farmers send them to the 
city. There they are sold in food stores 
in small boxes that look like strawberry 
boxes. 

We eat Brussels sprouts only after they 
are cooked. They taste very much like 
cabbage. They belong to the same family 
as cabbage and cauliflower. 

Only the tiny heads are used for 
cooking. Cows and sheep like the big 
leaves of the plant, but people do not eat 
them. They do not taste good to us. 


116 





117 
















Bulbs 

A bulb is something like a cabbage- 
head. It has many leaves pressed tightly 
together. But a bulb grows under the 
ground. 

The bulbs in this picture are onions. 

There are three kinds of vegetable 
bulbs: onion, leek, and garlic. All of 
these have a very strong smell. 


118 



Onions 

Onions grow from small seeds. When 
the onion plants first come through the 
ground they look almost like grass. We 
must be careful when we pull weeds near 
these tiny plants. We might pull up the 
onions. 

When the onion bulb is very young and 
not much larger than the stem, we eat it 
without cooking. We call it a green 
onion. But the part we eat is white. 

Ask your mother to show you a little 
green onion. You will see that the top 
is green and the bottom is white. 

When the onions are ripe, the stems 
turn brown and fall to the ground. We 
pull the onions out of the ground. We 
break off the stems and put the bulbs in 
boxes or crates to dry in the sun. 

Dried onions will keep all winter. 


119 


Harry’s Onions 

This boy’s name is Harry. He is 
standing behind four boxes which are 
filled with onions. 

Harry grew these onions. He belongs 
to a boys’ and girls’ club. It is called 
the 4-H Club. 

Many farm children belong to clubs like 
this one. All the children must grow 
something or do some work to earn money. 

Harry’s onions are ready to put into 
the cellar. Here they will be kept for the 
winter. Do you see the other boxes back 
of Harry? There are so many that you 
cannot count them. 

Do you think Harry’s mother can use 
all of these onions this winter? No, 
indeed! Harry will sell most of them in 
town. He will save the money he gets 
for them. 


120 









121 






Vegetables with Large Roots 

There are six kinds of vegetables whose 
roots grow larger near the top of the 
ground than farther down. We eat these 
large roots. 

These six vegetables are: carrot, radish, 
parsnip, beet, turnip, and rutabaga. The 
radish has the smallest root, and the 
rutabaga has the largest one. 

The radish is ready for eating in the 
spring. The others are ready later. 

All of these vegetables are good for 
boys and girls. Vegetables take some¬ 
thing from the ground that oim bodies 
need. We feel better when we eat them. 

We eat radishes raw. We eat carrots 
and timnips both raw and cooked. 

Parsnips, beets, and rutabagas must be 
cooked before we eat them. They do not 
taste good raw. 


122 



Turnips 

The turnips you see here are the large 
roots that grew under the ground. The 
leafy tops have been cut away. 

After turnips are cooked, they look very 
much like potatoes. Turnips are boiled 
and sometimes they are mashed like 
potatoes. Some children like to eat 
turnips raw. 


123 



Beets and Carrots 

These vegetables are beets and carrots. 
They are being covered for the winter. 
The long ones are carrots and the short 
ones are beets. Can you find a beet? 

Beets are red roots. Carrots are an 
orange color. 


124 


Sometimes farmers keep beets and 
carrots in the cellar. Sometimes straw 
and dirt are used to cover them in the 
garden, as you see in this picture. 

In the spring these vegetables are 
taken out and cooked. They are almost 
like fresh vegetables then. We can use 
them before the fresh vegetables are ripe. 

The beets and carrots shown here have 
been put into a barrel. Straw has been 
placed on top of the barrel. 

Then dirt was put over the straw. More 
straw was put on the dirt, and more dirt 
put on top of that straw. 

After a while, the farmer will cover 
the end of the barrel in the same way. 
He will leave the beets and carrots in 
the garden until spring. 

They will keep all winter when they are 
covered this way. 


125 



A Celery Field 

This is a field of celery. You can see 
only the green leaves. We eat only the 
stems or stalks, which you cannot see. 

These men are putting dirt around the 
stems. We say that they are "hilling” 
the celery, because they make a hill 
around the plant with hoes. You can 
see the hills in the picture. 

If the celery is not covered, the stems 
stay green. We want the stems to be 
white for they are more tender then. 
We enjoy eating nice white celery. 


126 




Rhubarb 

One morning Betty Ann pulled some 
rhubarb for a pie. Rhubarb is often 
called pieplant. 

Sometimes the long stems are made 
into sauce. We eat rhubarb only after 
it is cooked. 

A rhubarb leaf grows to be larger than 
your two hands and two feet put together. 

127 



Asparagus 

We eat only the thick, tender stems of 
the asparagus plant. These stems grow 
early in the spring. 

In the picture you see four long stems 
that are big enough to eat, and two short 
ones that are just coming through the 
ground. 

When the fine green leaves that look 
like feathers begin to grow, the stems 
are too old to eat. 

Asparagus grows from the same root 
every year. If a farmer wants more 
asparagus, he breaks off a piece of the 
root and plants it in the ground. 

A new plant grows from this piece of 
root. Many plants can be grown from 
one root by breaking it into pieces. 

Asparagus must be cooked in water 
until it is soft. 


128 



129 





Vegetable Seeds 

There are five vegetables that give us 
the seeds to eat. These are: pea, lentil, 
bean, popcorn, and sweet corn. 

You know how we break open the green 
shells of the pea to take out the seeds 
that grow inside. 

Lentils look much like peas. Lentils 
are dried before the seeds are taken out. 
The dry seeds are used in making soup. 

Some beans are dried before the seeds 
are taken out. Some beans are taken 
out while they are green. 

Popcorn and sweet corn have seeds 
growing all around a cob. We take pop¬ 
corn seeds from the cob by rubbing two 
ears together. We eat the sweet corn 
while it is young and before the seeds 
are ripe. 

We eat only the seeds or kernels. 


130 



Beans 

Some beans are shelled like peas. We 
eat only the seeds of these. But we eat 
both seeds and shells of string beans. 

In this picture you see Ruth and Alice 
breaking string beans into small pieces. 

Lima beans are shelled like peas, when 
the beans are green. We eat the flat 
seeds which are inside. We eat the seeds 
of dried lima beans, too. 


131 




» 







132 

























Shelling Peas 

Bess is the name of this little girl. 
She lives on a farm. In the garden there 
are many small plants on which peas 
have grown. 

Bess and her mother have picked the 
pea pods from the plants. Now Bess is 
sitting on the ground, taking the seeds 
out of the pods. 

She likes to take peas out of the pods. 
When she gets the pan full, she takes 
it in to Mother. Bess is a good girl to 
help her mother. 

Do you wonder why Bess is shelling so 
many peas? 

Her mother is going to can the peas. 
She will cook them, and then put them 
into glass jars or cans. 

She will put the peas away, to be used 
in winter. 


133 


Picking Sweet Corn 

John and Ted are pulling sweet corn 
from the tall cornstalks. They think it 
is fun. See John smile. 

John is older. He picks the corn from 
the stalk, and Ted holds the basket. The 
basket is almost full. 

Do you know how John can tell when 
the corn is ready to pick? 

There are some threads that he can see 
on the end of each ear of corn. We call 
these threads "silk.” When the silk has 
turned brown, we know that the corn is 
old enough to use. 

We eat only the kernels. So, before 
Mother cooks the corn, the boys will pull 
off the husks. They will pick off the 
threads of brown silk. 

Then Mother will put the ears into hot 
water to boil. 


134 



135 










John has pulled back the husks on one 
ear of corn. In the picture you can see 
how the ear looks. You can see the white 
kernels and the silk threads, too. 

Sometimes the corn is cut from the cob 
with a knife before we eat it. Sometimes 
we take the ear in our hands and bite 
off the kernels. 

Sometimes the sweet corn is cut from 
the cob and put into glass jars. 

These jars are closed so that no air 
can get in. Then the corn does not 
spoil. The jars are put into water. The 
corn is cooked on a stove in the jars. 
Then the jars are put away on shelves. 

In this way, the corn can be kept all 
winter. When Mother wants to have 
sweet corn for dinner in winter, she will 
open one of these jars. The corn will 
taste the same as when it was first cooked. 


136 



137 









A Popcorn Party- 

Do you know what the boy has in the 
pan? It is popcorn. He has just popped 
it over the fire. 

The kernels of popcorn are much smaller 
than the kernels of sweet corn or field 
corn. 

After the kernels are well dried, if they 
are held over a fire, they will pop open. 
Then they are large and white. 

It is the inside of the kernel that is 
white. The kernel turns inside out when 
it pops. Then salt and butter are put 
on the popcorn. 

These children have apples and popcorn. 
They are having a nice party by the 
fireplace. 

Popcorn is raised on farms. It looks 
like other corn when it is growing in 
the fields. 


138 





139 















Peppers 

When Betty Ann cut open a pepper, 
she saw no meat in it. There was only 
the pod and the seeds. We do not eat 
the seeds. We eat the thick pod. 

The pods of green peppers are cut into 
small pieces and are used in salads and 
soups. You would not enjoy eating a 
pepper pod as you eat an apple. A red 
pepper would make your mouth hot. 


140 







You would think that your mouth was 
on fire if you ate a whole pepper pod. 
But when small pieces are put into salads, 
or into soup, some people think the food 
tastes better. 

Sometimes peppers are hung from 
boards and dried in the sun. They will 
keep a long time after they have been 
dried. Dried peppers are used in soup 
and with meats. They are often used in 
making pickles. 

Okra 

The okra plant is another vegetable of 
which we eat the pod. It has a long thick 
pod in which the seeds grow. This pod is 
cut into small pieces and is cooked with 
tomatoes. It is used also in soup. 

You would not like the taste of okra 
pods before they are cooked. But after 
they are cooked they taste good. 

141 



Cauliflower 

The part of the cauliflower plant- which 
we eat is this head of white stems on 
which the seeds grow. 

Cauliflower is boiled in water to make 
it tender. It is baked, too. Sometimes 
pieces of cauliflower are put in vinegar 
with cucumbers and other vegetables to 
make sweet pickles. 


142 


Tubers 

Some plants have a large part under the 
ground which we call a tuber. Potato 
plants have tubers, which we eat. 

A tuber grows on a thin stem which is 
not a root. A tuber is not a part of a 
root. It is a part of a plant that is not 
found on very many vegetables. 

It is not the seed. It is not the fruit 
of the plant. Yet new plants will grow 
from the tuber. 

There are two kinds of potatoes. One 
we call the white potato. The other we 
call the sweet potato. 

The meat of the white potato is white. 
That of the sweet potato is yellow or 
brown. 

Sweet potatoes grow best where it is 
warm most of the time. White potatoes 
grow best where it is cold in the winter. 


143 



How Potatoes Grow 

Here you see new potato plants growing 
from each "eye.” The eye is the spot on 
the potato from which a new plant begins 
to grow. These are white potatoes. 

Farmers cut potato tubers into several 
pieces. They make sure that there is at 
least one eye in each piece. Then they 
plant these pieces in holes and cover 
them with dirt. 

We eat more white potatoes than any 
other vegetable. Almost every farmer 
raises some white potatoes. 


144 


Sweet Potatoes 

Some sweet potatoes are longer than 
white potatoes. They are yellow or brown 
in color. They are often thin at each end. 
They taste sweeter than white potatoes. 

Sometimes sweet potatoes are baked 
with their skins on. Then we break them 
open to get the meat. When they are 
boiled the skin comes off easily. 



Storing Sweet Potatoes 

Frank Smith is putting these sweet 
potatoes into a pile in the field. You 
can see that the potatoes are being piled 
over straw. 

When the pile is big enough, Frank 
will put straw on top. Then he and his 
father will throw dirt upon the straw 
until it is all covered. 

Potatoes must be kept dry all winter, 
or they will not be good. That is why 
Frank put some cornstalks and sticks in 
the middle of the pile before he put on 
the dirt. 

Air gets in between the cornstalks. 
The air keeps the potatoes dry. 

When the farmer sells his sweet 
potatoes, they are put into baskets or 
barrels. These are put into railroad cars 
and taken to the city. 

146 



■» 




147 








How Farmers Dig Potatoes 

This machine is a potato digger. Two 
wide plows dig deep into the ground and 
lift the dirt, potatoes and all. 

The dirt and potatoes are moved over 
the machine. The dirt falls at once to 
the ground. 

By the time the potatoes drop to the 
ground at the back end of the machine, 
there is no dirt on them. Then boys and 
girls pick them up and put them into 
boxes, bags, or barrels. 

This is a large potato field. There are 
enough potatoes in this field for all the 
families in a small town. These potatoes 
will be sold in the city. 

Very few people in the cities grow 
potatoes for their own families. So they 
must buy them from the farmers who 
raise potatoes to sell. 


148 


•w^l/ 


t 



149 
















Things We Have Learned 

Vegetables are very important foods. 
If we had no vegetables, we would be 
sick. At the North Pole it is too cold 
for anything to grow. Men who go there 
take vegetables with them to keep from 
getting sick. 

Most farmers raise vegetables enough 
for their families. Some farmers do not 
grow an5d;hing except vegetables. A 
farmer who grows vegetables to sell is 
called a market gardener. 

You have learned that many fruits grow 
high above the ground on bushes or trees. 
But vegetables grow under the ground or 
on low plants. 

We cook most vegetables before we eat 
them. But there are a few that we eat 
before they are cooked. 

Some we eat both raw and cooked. 


150 



151 
























Hunting Eggs 

Susan and her mother find nice white 
eggs in the nests in the chicken house. 
Susan likes to go with her mother to get 
the eggs. 

Here you see Susan’s mother in the 
chicken house. She has a large basket 
filled with eggs. 

You can see chickens on three of the 
nests. Another chicken has just stepped 
out of a nest. 

Both Mother and Susan have eggs in 
their hands. Susan has two eggs in her 
hand and Mother has three. 

Mother finds duck eggs near the barn. 
She finds some goose eggs in the weeds 
near the garden. 

We do not often eat duck eggs or goose 
eggs. They are used sometimes in making 
cakes and muffins. 


152 





% 


153 











How We Use Eggs 

Many railroad cars full of eggs go from 
farms to cities every day. The eggs are 
put in the stores where city people buy 
them. 

Almost everyone eats eggs. Eggs and 
milk are two of the best foods for boys 
and girls. Eggs and milk are good for 
grown people, too. 

Eggs are cooked in many ways. They 
are fried. They are boiled. They are 
scrambled. They are poached. 

Eggs are often eaten for breakfast. 

Eggs are mixed with flour and sugar 
and other things, to make cakes, cookies, 
pies, mufiins, and other goodies. 

Ask Mother to cook an egg for you in 
a different way each day, until you see 
how eggs taste when boiled, scrambled, 
fried, or poached. 


154 



155 























Nine Kinds of Nuts 

There are nine kinds of nuts grown in 
this country which most children like. 

The names of these nuts are: black 
walnut, English walnut, butternut, pecan, 
hickory nut, hazelnut, peanut, chestnut, 
and almond. 

Seven kinds of nuts grow on trees. Can 
you name these seven kinds? 

Black walnuts, butternuts, chestnuts, 
and hickory nuts grow on trees in the 
farmers’ woods and pastures. 

Pecan trees, almond trees, and English 
walnut trees are planted in orchards, just 
as are apple trees. 

Hazelnuts grow on bushes beside farm 
roads or in pastures. Peanuts grow under 
the ground like potatoes. They are grown 
in large fields. Most peanuts are grown 
in sandy ground. 


156 


Butternuts 

Butternuts grow on trees. There is a 
thin green hull around the shell. 

The shell is thick, and it is very rough. 
It has sharp pieces all over. 

If you held a butternut tightly in your 
hand, it would almost cut your hand. 
Don’t try it! 

Butternuts are long. When we crack 
them, we hold them between our fingers 
on a stone or on a flat iron, and hit them 
on one end with a hammer. 

When the nuts break open, we find the 
meat inside. It tastes good. 

We use butternut meats in candy and 
cakes. You would like to eat butternut 
meats with salt. 

We like to crack butternuts on winter 
evenings. It is nice to eat butternuts 
and popcorn while sitting near the fire. 

157 



Black Walnuts 

When black walnuts fall from the trees, 
they have thick green hulls around the 
shells. Later the hulls are black. 

Helen and Ruth are breaking the hulls 
from black walnuts. The girls use bricks 
to pound the soft hulls. 

158 



Helen has put a nut on one brick and 
is hitting it with another brick. 

This cracks the hull so that she can 
pull it away from the shell. 

It would be better if she used a hammer 
to break the hulls. 

The girls will put the nuts on top of 
a big box so that each shell can be dried 
in the sun. 

After the shells have dried for several 
days, the nuts will be put into a basket. 

In winter, the girls will break open 
the nuts and eat the meat that is inside 
the shell. 

Black walnuts are used in candy. They 
are used in cake, too. 

We like to eat black walnuts as they 
come from the shell. We like them in 
salads. 

Walnuts are good for children. 

159 



Hickory Nuts 

Hickory nuts grow on hickory trees. 
The nuts have a hard, thick green hull 
around them. 

When the nuts are ripe, these hulls 
turn brown. Then the hulls fall off and 
the nuts drop to the ground. 

We must break the hard white shell 
with a hammer to get at the meat. The 
meat is used often in cakes. 


160 


These children are eating hickory nuts. 
Chester is breaking one open. Martha is 
eating a nut that Chester opened for her. 
It tastes good. 

You see a basket full of hickory nuts 
on the ground near Chester. The children 
picked up these nuts under the tree. 

Some farmers grow pecan trees and have 
the pecan nuts to sell. 

Some farmers grow almond trees. 

Some farmers grow English walnuts. 

These nuts are all sent to stores, where 
people in the city can buy them. 

Hazelnuts and butternuts and chestnuts 
can often be found along a road in the 
country. The farmers’ children find them 
in the woods on the farm. They gather 
them to eat or to sell. 

Can you name the nine kinds of nuts 
about which you have read? 


161 


Hazelnuts 

Hazelnuts are small and round. They 
grow on bushes. Hazelnuts grow in 
bunches something like grapes. 

Instead of each nut being by itself, it 
is in a hull. The hulls around the nuts 
are fastened to each other in bunches. 

After these green hulls have been dried, 
they are broken away, and the hard brown 
shell of the hazelnut is seen. The meat 
is inside this shell. 

We place these nuts on a box or on 
the roof of the barn until they are 
dried. Then we put them in a bag. 

The nut we call filbert is a hazelnut. 
We often have filberts at Christmas. 
Sometimes we find them in candies. 

We like nuts to eat when it is cold 
outside. 

How many kinds of nuts do you like? 

162 



Peanuts 

Peanuts grow on low plants. The nuts 
grow on stems that force their way into 
the ground as they grow. The nuts grow 
after the stems are under the ground. 

The plants grow all summer. The 
nuts do not get ripe until fall. 

When it is time to take the peanuts out 
of the ground, the farmer pulls on the 
plant. Up come the roots and also the 
peanuts, as you see them in this picture. 

163 



The plants, with the peanuts on them, 
are put in big piles and left in the field 
to dry. 

Then the peanuts are picked off the 
stems and put into big bags. These bags 
are sent to the city. Before we buy them 
to eat, the peanuts are roasted in an 
oven. 

Peanut plants live only one year. 
Seeds must be planted each year to grow 
more peanuts. 

Peanuts are grown where the ground 
is almost all sand. 

They have the softest shell of all of 
the nuts. You can break these shells with 
your fingers. 

You cannot break the shells of the 
other nuts with your fingers. 

Some peanuts are made into peanut 
butter. Some are made into candy. 

164 














Corn 

This little boy is in his daddy’s cornfield. 
He has three big ears of corn on his arm. 
He is reaching for another ear. 

Do you think he will be able to get it? 
It is very high from the ground. He can 
just touch it. He did not pick the corn 
that he is holding. His daddy picked it 
and gave it to him to carry. 

This is the kind of com that is used 
as food for animals. It is called field 
corn. Field corn is a grain. Horses, 
cows, pigs, and chickens eat it. On page 
168 you will learn how people use field 
corn for food. 

The corn we eat from the cob in the 
summer is called sweet corn. We use it 
as a vegetable. 

Field corn almost always grows taller 
than sweet corn. 


166 






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167 
















Corn Meal 

Do you know how field corn is used for 
food? The seeds of the corn are broken 
into tiny pieces in a mill. We call the 
small pieces corn meal. 

Corn meal is used as fiour in making 
corn bread, corn cakes, and corn muffins. 

Corn bread is made with corn meal and 
milk and eggs. It is baked in the oven. 
We sometimes call corn bread Johnny- 
cake. 

In the South corn meal, salt, and water 
are mixed together and made into little 
cakes. These are cooked over a fire. 
These cakes are called corn pone. 

Corn meal is sometimes cooked as a 
breakfast food. We call it mush. 

Corn is used in making sirup, starch, 
and other things in factories. More 
corn is grown than any other grain. 

168 



Wheat 

This picture shows how heads of wheat 
look. They grow at the tops of the stalks. 

At first the heads are green. When 
the wheat is ripe, the heads are yellow. 

Each head is made of a number of 
shells growing close together. Inside each 
shell is a kernel of wheat. The brown 
kernel is hard. 


169 




Playing in the Wheat 

Doesn’t Joan Welch look happy? Do 
you know why she is laughing? She is 
sitting in a truck, playing in the wheat. 
Joan is catching the wheat on her hands. 
She likes to feel the wheat when it comes 
down on her hands and arms. 

The stalks of wheat are bound into 
bundles in the field. These bundles are 
taken to the threshing machine. 

This machine takes the kernels of grain 
out of the shells on the heads of the wheat. 
Then it blows the dust away. Joan is 
catching the wheat as it comes from the 
machine. 

The stalks that are left are called straw. 
These the machine blows into a pile. We 
call this a straw pile. 

Children like to play on a straw pile 
when they go to a farm. 

170 



171 











Making Bread 

Wheat is taken to a mill to be made 
into flom-. The kernels are ground in a 
machine. 

The inside of the wheat kernel is white. 
When this white part is ground, it makes 
white flour. 

The outside of the kernel is brown. It 
is not used in making white flour. 

Whole-wheat flour is made by grinding 
all the wheat. 

White bread is made from white flour. 
Whole-wheat bread is made from whole¬ 
wheat flour. Rye bread is made from rye 
flom-. 

Mother mixes the flour with water and 
some other things to make dough. The 
dough is put into the oven. 

In the picture, Mrs. Allen is taking a 
pan of bread out of the oven. 

172 







173 








































Oats 

These are heads of oat plants. The 
shells are long. On the inside of the 
shells are the oat kernels. 

The oat shells are not so close together 
on the stalk as the shells of the wheat. 
Each shell is on a tiny stem. 

When the grain is ripe, it is taken from 
the stalks by a threshing machine. 

174 



Oatmeal 

Oatmeal is made from the oat kernels. 
The kernels are taken to a mill in bags. 
The shells are taken off and the meat is 
run through heavy rollers and pressed flat. 

Mother buys flat oats at the store. It 
is called oatmeal or rolled oats. She cooks 
this food for your breakfast. It makes 
children grow strong. 

Mother sometimes uses oatmeal in 
making cookies. Oatmeal is used with 
wheat flour in making oatmeal bread and 
oatmeal muffins. 

Oatmeal is fed to baby chicks. 

We do not eat oats until the shells have 
been taken off. The shells are hard. We 
do not like them, but farm animals eat 
the shells with the oats. 

So, you see, oat kernels are used as 
food for us and as feed for farm animals. 


175 



Barley 

Barley heads look different from the 
heads of wheat, don’t they? 

Barley is used for making soup. It is 
also used in making breakfast foods which 
are bought in stores in paper boxes. 

Have you eaten a breakfast food made 
of barley? Ask Mother to help you read 
what is on a box of breakfast food. 


176 



A Rice Field 

This is a farmer working in a rice field. 
Rice plants must have much water. That 
is why they are grown in flat fields near 
rivers. 

The farmer is making a ditch so that 
the water from the river will spread over 
the fields. 

Other grains do not need so much water. 




Rice 

Here are heads of rice. They do not 
look like the heads of any other grain. 
You can see the shells. The kernels are 
inside. Each shell is on a short stem 
which grows on a longer stem. 

When you look at the pictm-e, you can 
say to yourself, "That is what rice pudding 
looks like when it is still in the field.” 


178 



When Mother buys rice, the kernel is 
very smooth. When the rice is in the 
field, the shell is rough. It does not look 
like the rice that Mother buys. 

After the shell has been taken off, we 
find that the kernel is rough, too, and gray 
in color. The kernels are run through 
machines that make them smooth and 
white. 

We eat the rice after it is boiled. We 
make pudding with it, too. 

Rice is used for breakfast food. When 
you get this breakfast food in the store, 
it is called rice fiakes. 

Some people in China, in Japan, and 
in India have nothing but rice to eat. 

We do not eat rice very often. That is 
because we have so many other kinds of 
foods that are raised on farms. We do 
not have to eat one kind of food only. 

179 


Rye and Buckwheat 

Rye flour is made from rye grain. 
When you see it standing in the fleld 
rye looks very much like wheat. 

But the rye kernels are long and thin. 
They are not as big around as wheat 
kernels. They are almost the same color 
as wheat. Ask your daddy to get you 
some kernels of wheat and some kernels 
of rye. 

J£ you eat buckwheat pancakes, you may 
wonder where the buckwheat flour comes 
from. It comes from a grain called buck¬ 
wheat. The kernels are black. But 
inside they are almost white. 

Before pancake flour is made from the 
kernels, the black shell must be taken off. 

Only a few farmers grow buckwheat. 
It is sold to the owners of mills. The 
kernels are ground into flour. 


180 



181 


























Sunday Dinner 

Almost every Sunday the farmer’s wife 
has chicken or duck or goose or turkey 
for dinner. Sometimes she has chicken 
for dinner during the week, too, because 
most farmers have chickens to lay eggs 
and to make meat for the family. 

The lady in the picture on page 181 is 
cooking a turkey. She is using a big 
spoon to put gravy on the turkey. When 
she puts the tirrkey into the oven, she 
puts another pan over the top. We say 
that she is roasting the turkey. 

Almost everyone likes turkey meat. 
Most of us like duck and goose meat, too. 
But more chickens are eaten than turkeys, 
ducks, or geese. 

A few farmers raise guinea fowl. But 
it is not often that any of us have guinea 
fowl for dinner. 


182 



Beef 

The meat in this picture is beef. It is 
the meat we get from cows. 

Beefsteak will be cut from the piece 
at the right. We call it round steak. 

The piece at the left will be roasted 
in the oven. Then it will be called roast 
beef. The white in the picture is fat or 
bone. The dark is meat. 


183 


Farm Meats 

There are thirteen kinds of meats that 
come from the farm. These are: beef, veal, 
pork, mutton, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, 
goose, turkey, guinea fowl, rabbit, and 
squab. 

Beef is the meat of cows. Veal is the 
meat of calves. Pork is the meat of pigs. 
Mutton is the meat of sheep. Squab is 
the meat of young pigeons. 

The meat of lamb, goat, chicken, duck, 
goose, turkey, guinea fowl, and rabbit are 
each called by the name of the animal. 

We eat more beef than any other kind 
of meat. We eat less of guinea fowl, 
rabbit, and squab than other meats. 

It is good for us to eat different kinds 
of meat. That is why mothers often give 
their families beef one day, pork another, 
lamb another, and chicken another day. 

184 


I think I should say that if you go to 
the meat market and ask for goat meat, 
you probably will not get any. The 
butcher may tell you that he does not 
sell goat meat at all. 

Sometimes goat meat is sold in the 
meat market as lamb. Goat meat is so 
much like lamb that you could not tell 
the difference. But it is not right to say 
goat meat is lamb, is it? 

Some farmers raise pigeons. The meat 
of pigeons is very good to eat. Young 
pigeons are called squabs. They look like 
tiny chickens when they are cooked. 

Farmers raise farm animals so that 
their families will have meat to eat. The 
farmer also sells some of his animals so 
that people in the cities can have meat. 

In the cities we can get all thirteen 
kinds of meats in meat shops. 

185 


Foods from the Farm 

Do you wonder what we would do for 
food if it were not for the farmers? 

You have learned in this book that most 
of the food we eat comes from farms. 

The farmer gives us 108 different kinds 
of foods. You will find the names of these 
foods on the pages right after this one. 

There are twenty-seven fruits. 

There are six dairy foods. 

There are seven sweets. 

There are thirty-six vegetables. 

There are three kinds of eggs, and nine 
kinds of nuts. 

There are seven kinds of grains, and 
thirteen meats. 

Which foods do you like best? 

Which foods do you think are best for 
you to eat? 

How many foods can you name? 

186 


ONE HUNDRED EIGHT FOODS 
WHICH COME FROM FARMS 


187 


Twenty-Seven Fruits 

Three Fruits with Cores 

Apple Pear Quince 

Eight Fruits with Stones 

Plum Prune Peach Apricot 

Persimmon Cherry Olive Date 

Five Citrus Fruits 

Orange Lemon Lime 
Grapefruit Tangerine 

A Fruit That Is Mostly Seeds 
Fig 

A Berry That Grows on a Tree 

Mulberry 

Six Fruits That Grow on Bushes 

Blackberry Blueberry Loganberry 

Currant Raspberry Gooseberry 

One Fruit That Grows on a Vine 

Grape 

Two Fruits That Grow on Low Plants 

Strawberry Cranberry 


188 


Thirty-Six Vegetables 

EigKt^of WhicK We Eat tKe Fruits 

Tomato Eggplant Pumpkin Squash 
Cucumber Muskmelon Watermelon 
Honeydew Melon 

Three of Which We Eat the Stems 

Celery Rhubarb Asparagus 

Five of Which We Eat the Leaves 
Spinach Lettuce Cabbage 
Brussels Sprouts Artichoke 

Five of Which We Eat the Seeds 

Sweet Corn Popcorn Bean Pea Lentil 

Six of Which We Eat the Large Roots 

Carrot Radish Parsnip 

Turnip Rutabaga Beet 

Three of Which We Eat the Bulb 
Onion Leek Garlic 

Four of Which We Eat the Seed Pods 
or Seed Heads 

Okra String Bean Pepper Cauliflower 

Two of Which We Eat the Tuber 

Irish Potato (white) Sweet Potato (yellow) 


189 


1 


Milk and Five Foods That 
Come from Milk 

Milk Cream Butter Ice Cream 
Cheese Buttermilk 


Seven Sweets 

Three Kinds of Sugar 

Maple Cane Beet 

Three Kinds of Sirup 

Maple Sirup Corn Sirup Sorghum Molasses 

Honey 

Three Eggs 

Chicken Egg Duck Egg Goose Egg 


Nine Nuts 

Seven Nuts That Grow on Trees 

Black Walnut English Walnut Butternut 
Hickory Nut Pecan Chestnut 
Almond 

Two Nuts That Do Not Grow on Trees 

Peanut Hazelnut 


190 


Seven Grains 


Wheat Oats Barley Rye 
Buckwheat Rice Corn 

Thirteen Meats 

Beef Veal Pork Mutton Lamb 
Goat Chicken Duck Goose 
Turkey Guinea Fowl Squab Rabbit 


191 


About the Book 


Story Pictures of Farm Foods is the second of a series 
of primary books dealing with farm life. The others are 
Story Pictures of Farm Animals and Story Pictures 
OF Farm Work. Together these three books form the 
basis for the farm unit in primary social studies. 

This series of farm life readers has been written with 
four definite objectives: 

1. The development of an appreciation of farm life and 
the work of the farmer. 

2. To emphasize man’s dependence on the farm for food 
and clothing. 

3. To show the relationship between the farm, food, and 
the home. 

4. The widening of the child’s horizon through the presen¬ 
tation of material understandable because of past 
experience and environment. 

Story Pictures of Farm Foods tells in a simple way 
the story of foods grown or produced on the farm. The 
production of these foods, their preparation for consumption, 
and the processes by which they reach the city stores, make 
a story which will hold the interest of the primary child, and 
enable him to correlate the material with his own experiences, 
whether he lives in the country or in the city. 

There are 101 unusual photographs of grains, dairy pro¬ 
ducts, fruits, vegetables, and meats, to supplement and 
augment the stories of more than 100 farm foods. 

The vocabulary has been checked with the Gates List 
and the correlation is high. All ordinary words used are 
found in the Gates List. The only words not found are 
those few needed for the treatment of the subject. 


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